you're expecting twins or more, such as twins or triplets.you were obese at the start of your pregnancy – meaning you had a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or more.you have a family history of the condition – for example, your mother or sister has had pre-eclampsia.it's been at least 10 years since your last pregnancy.it's your first pregnancy – pre-eclampsia is more likely to happen during the first pregnancy than during any subsequent pregnancies.If you have 2 or more of these together, your chances are higher: Some factors also increase your chances by a small amount. having an existing medical problem – such as diabetes, kidney disease, high blood pressure, lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome.Some factors have been identified that could increase your chances of developing pre-eclampsia. It's likely that inherited changes in your genes have some sort of role, as the condition often runs in families. It's still unclear why the blood vessels don't transform as they should. If the blood vessels don't fully transform, it's likely that the placenta won't develop properly because it won't get enough nutrients. The villi are fed nutrients through blood vessels in the womb and eventually grow into the placenta.ĭuring the early stages of pregnancy, these blood vessels change shape and become wider. The fertilised egg produces root-like growths called villi, which help to anchor it to the lining of the womb. In the initial stages of pregnancy, the fertilised egg implants itself into the wall of the womb (uterus). The womb is the organ a baby grows inside during pregnancy. ![]() Signals or substances from the damaged placenta affect the mother's blood vessels, causing high blood pressure (hypertension).Īt the same time, problems in the kidneys may cause important proteins that should remain in the mother's blood to leak into her urine, resulting in protein in the urine (proteinuria). ![]() The problem with the placenta means the blood supply between mother and baby is disrupted. This could be because the placenta didn't develop properly as it was forming during the first half of the pregnancy. ![]() In pre-eclampsia, the placenta doesn't get enough blood. To support the growing baby, the placenta needs a large and constant supply of blood from the mother. Waste products can pass from the baby back into the mother. The placenta is the organ that links the mother's blood supply to her unborn baby's blood supply.įood and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby. Pre-eclampsia is thought to be caused by the placenta not developing properly due to a problem with the blood vessels supplying it.
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